The Future of Menopause

While the term ‘ovarian failure’ and all the symptoms that are linked to menopause, are enough to frighten anyone, maybe it’s time to reframe this transformational period in our lives.

Did You Know?

- In South Africa, menopause occurs around 48 years, compared to the general global average of 51 years.

- Most women (up to 80-90% globally) experience some symptoms, and in South Africa, common reported symptoms include hot flushes, bone and joint pain, forgetfulness, irritability, and mood swings.

- Symptoms can significantly impact daily activities and sleep quality, with some women reducing work hours as a result.

- A study indicated that only 59% of South Africans report being knowledgeable about menopause.

- Perceptions are diverse: Some women view menopause as a natural phenomenon and feel a sense of liberation from menstruation, while others link it to aging, loss of sexuality, or shame, sometimes due to cultural taboos.

- The decline in estrogen after menopause increases the risk for conditions like osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.

- Women living with HIV in a study were more likely to report moderate to severe psychological and urogenital menopausal symptoms.

Lack of physical activity is common among South African women (almost half do not meet recommended levels). Exercise is beneficial for managing menopausal symptoms and associated health risks.

Current Treatment:

Modern hormone replacement therapy is different from older formulations and may have different risk profiles, especially when started early in the menopausal transition.

The Future:

Studies are currently being conducted on the feasibility of treatments that either eliminate or substantially delay menopause.

- Ovarian tissue cryopreservation

- Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH).

- Researchers are also investigating immunosuppressants or anti-fibrotic drugs to slow ovarian aging or improve egg quality for longer.

- Genome studies are identifying genes involved in ovarian aging.

- A new drug (Elinzanetant) has shown promise in reducing hot flashes, sleep disturbances, and improving mood for those already in menopause.

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